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imgproc: document integer filter2D kernels 🤖🤖🤖 - #29913 ### Summary `filter2D` accepts integer kernels, but its parameter documentation currently restricts kernels to floating-point matrices. Document the existing integer support and add parameterized accuracy coverage against `cvtest::filter2D`, the reference implementation. The 40 cases cover five integer kernel depths (`CV_8U`, `CV_8S`, `CV_16U`, `CV_16S`, `CV_32S`), 3x3 and 13x13 kernels, and four source formats (`CV_8UC1`, `CV_32FC1`, `CV_32FC3`, `CV_64FC1`). Signed kernels include negative coefficients. Kernel depth, size, and source format are separate Google Test parameters. Fixes #22243. Related work: #29607 was closed without merging. This follow-up accounts for its review requests about parameterized tests and avoids claiming a specific implementation path from a test name. No filtering implementation changes are included. ### Validation Built `opencv_test_imgproc` from current 4.x (`bb9e3eff13`) on Linux with GCC 13.3.0, Release/SSE3. IPP, OpenCL, and additional CPU dispatch variants were disabled in this local build. ``` ./bin/opencv_test_imgproc --gtest_filter='*Imgproc_Filter2D*:*Imgproc_FilterSupportedFormats*' ``` All 58 selected tests passed: 40 new cases and 18 existing filter accuracy/format/regression cases. `git diff --check` passed. This is targeted CPU validation, not a full imgproc suite or a GPU/backend validation claim. The tests use synthetic data and need no opencv_extra assets. ### Pull Request Readiness Checklist - [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License. - [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on code under GPL or another license incompatible with OpenCV. - [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch: 4.x for a documentation correction applicable to both maintained branches. - [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work. - [x] Accuracy tests are included; no external test data or performance change is involved. - [x] The parameter documentation is updated and the affected test target builds. ### AI assistance OpenAI Codex assisted with the source/review audit, patch preparation, and local validation. The commit includes an Assisted-by trailer.