diff --git a/Tests/Fuzzing/CMakeLists.txt b/Tests/Fuzzing/CMakeLists.txt
index 7cccbc55a8..40a625b7ed 100644
--- a/Tests/Fuzzing/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/Tests/Fuzzing/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -52,3 +52,6 @@ endmacro()
 add_fuzzer(xml_parser_fuzzer xml_parser_fuzzer.cc)
 
 message(STATUS "Fuzzing targets enabled with engine: ${FUZZING_ENGINE}")
+
+# CMakeLists.txt lexer fuzzer
+add_fuzzer(cmListFileLexerFuzzer cmListFileLexerFuzzer.cxx)
diff --git a/Tests/Fuzzing/cmListFileLexer.dict b/Tests/Fuzzing/cmListFileLexer.dict
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad3393bae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/Fuzzing/cmListFileLexer.dict
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# CMake ListFile Lexer Dictionary
+# Keywords and syntax for CMakeLists.txt files
+
+# Common commands
+"cmake_minimum_required"
+"project"
+"add_executable"
+"add_library"
+"target_link_libraries"
+"target_include_directories"
+"target_compile_definitions"
+"target_compile_options"
+"set"
+"unset"
+"if"
+"elseif"
+"else"
+"endif"
+"foreach"
+"endforeach"
+"while"
+"endwhile"
+"function"
+"endfunction"
+"macro"
+"endmacro"
+"return"
+"include"
+"find_package"
+"find_library"
+"find_path"
+"find_program"
+"file"
+"message"
+"option"
+"configure_file"
+"install"
+"add_custom_command"
+"add_custom_target"
+"add_subdirectory"
+"list"
+"string"
+"math"
+"get_property"
+"set_property"
+"get_target_property"
+"set_target_properties"
+"add_definitions"
+"add_dependencies"
+
+# Syntax elements
+"("
+")"
+"\""
+"[["
+"]]"
+"[=["
+"]=]"
+"[==["
+"]==]"
+"#"
+"#[["
+"#]]"
+"\x0a"
+"\x0d\x0a"
+" "
+"\x09"
+"$"
+"{"
+"}"
+"<"
+">"
+";"
+":"
+"@"
+"\\"
+
+# Variables
+"${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}"
+"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+"${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}"
+"${PROJECT_NAME}"
+"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}"
+"$ENV{}"
+"$CACHE{}"
+
+# Generator expressions
+"$<"
+">:"
+"$<TARGET_FILE:"
+"$<TARGET_PROPERTY:"
+"$<BUILD_INTERFACE:"
+"$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:"
+"$<BOOL:"
+"$<AND:"
+"$<OR:"
+"$<NOT:"
+"$<IF:"
+"$<STREQUAL:"
+"$<VERSION_LESS:"
+"$<CONFIG:"
+
+# BOMs
+"\xef\xbb\xbf"
+"\xff\xfe"
+"\xfe\xff"
diff --git a/Tests/Fuzzing/cmListFileLexerFuzzer.cxx b/Tests/Fuzzing/cmListFileLexerFuzzer.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d3fe767a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/Fuzzing/cmListFileLexerFuzzer.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/* Distributed under the OSI-approved BSD 3-Clause License.  See accompanying
+   file LICENSE.rst or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
+
+/*
+ * Fuzzer for CMake's ListFile lexer (CMakeLists.txt parser)
+ *
+ * This fuzzer targets cmListFileLexer which tokenizes CMakeLists.txt files.
+ * It's a critical attack surface as malicious CMakeLists.txt files could be
+ * encountered when building untrusted projects.
+ *
+ * Coverage targets:
+ * - Token parsing (identifiers, strings, brackets, comments)
+ * - BOM handling (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32)
+ * - Bracket argument/comment parsing
+ * - Error recovery for malformed input
+ */
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "cmListFileLexer.h"
+
+// Limit input size to avoid timeouts on complex inputs
+static constexpr size_t kMaxInputSize = 64 * 1024; // 64KB
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(uint8_t const* data, size_t size)
+{
+  // Skip overly large inputs
+  if (size == 0 || size > kMaxInputSize) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  cmListFileLexer* lexer = cmListFileLexer_New();
+  if (!lexer) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Parse from string (not file) for efficiency
+  if (cmListFileLexer_SetString(lexer, reinterpret_cast<char const*>(data),
+                                size)) {
+    // Consume all tokens until EOF or error
+    cmListFileLexer_Token* token;
+    while ((token = cmListFileLexer_Scan(lexer)) != nullptr) {
+      // Access token fields to ensure they're valid
+      (void)token->type;
+      (void)token->text;
+      (void)token->length;
+      (void)token->line;
+      (void)token->column;
+
+      // Get type as string for additional coverage
+      (void)cmListFileLexer_GetTypeAsString(lexer, token->type);
+    }
+
+    // Exercise position tracking
+    (void)cmListFileLexer_GetCurrentLine(lexer);
+    (void)cmListFileLexer_GetCurrentColumn(lexer);
+  }
+
+  cmListFileLexer_Delete(lexer);
+  return 0;
+}