//! \addtogroup Containers
//! \{
//! \file pivector.h
//! \brief
//! \~english Declares \a PIVector
//! \~russian Объявление \a PIVector
//! \~\authors
//! \~english
//! Ivan Pelipenko peri4ko@yandex.ru;
//! Andrey Bychkov work.a.b@yandex.ru;
//! \~russian
//! Иван Пелипенко peri4ko@yandex.ru;
//! Андрей Бычков work.a.b@yandex.ru;
//! \~\} */
/*
	PIP - Platform Independent Primitives
	Sequence linear container aka dynamic size array of any type
	Ivan Pelipenko peri4ko@yandex.ru, Andrey Bychkov work.a.b@yandex.ru

	This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
	it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	(at your option) any later version.

	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
	along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

#ifndef PIVECTOR_H
#define PIVECTOR_H

#include "picontainers.h"

//! \addtogroup Containers
//! \{
//! \class PIVector pivector.h
//! \brief
//! \~english Sequence linear container - dynamic size array of any type.
//! \~russian Последовательный контейнер с линейной памятью - динамический массив любого типа.
//! \~\}
//! \details
//! \~english
//! The elements are stored contiguously,
//! which means that elements can be accessed not only through iterators,
//! but also using offsets to regular pointers to elements.
//! This means that a pointer to an element of a vector may be passed to any function
//! that expects a pointer to an element of an array.
//!
//! The storage of the vector is handled automatically,
//! being expanded and contracted as needed.
//! Vectors usually occupy more space than static arrays,
//! because more memory is allocated to handle future growth.
//! This way a vector does not need to reallocate each time an element is inserted,
//! but only when the additional memory is exhausted.
//! The total amount of allocated memory can be queried using \a capacity() function.
//! Reallocations are usually costly operations in terms of performance.
//! The \a reserve() function can be used to eliminate reallocations
//! if the number of elements is known beforehand.
//!
//! The complexity (efficiency) of common operations on vectors is as follows:
//! - Random access - constant 𝓞(1)
//! - Insertion or removal of elements at the end - amortized constant 𝓞(1)
//! - Insertion or removal of elements - linear in the distance to the end of the vector 𝓞(n)
//!
//! \~russian
//! Элементы хранятся непрерывно, а значит доступны не только через итераторы,
//! но и с помощью смещений для обычных указателей на элементы.
//! Это означает, что указатель на элемент вектора может передаваться в любую функцию,
//! ожидающую указатель на элемент массива.
//!
//! Память вектора обрабатывается автоматически,
//! расширяясь и сжимаясь по мере необходимости.
//! Векторы обычно занимают больше места, чем статические массивы,
//! поскольку больше памяти выделяется для обработки будущего роста.
//! Таким образом, память для вектора требуется выделять
//! не при каждой вставке элемента,
//! а только после исчерпания дополнительной памяти.
//! Общий объём выделенной памяти можно получить с помощью функции \a capacity().
//!
//! Выделение памяти обычно является дорогостоящей операцией
//! с точки зрения производительности.
//! Функцию \a reserve() можно использовать для исключения выделения памяти,
//! если количество элементов известно заранее.
//!
//! Сложность (эффективность) обычных операций над векторами следующая:
//! - Произвольный доступ — постоянная 𝓞(1)
//! - Вставка и удаление элементов в конце — амортизированная постоянная 𝓞(1)
//! - Вставка и удаление элементов — линейная по расстоянию до конца вектора 𝓞(n)
template <typename T>
class PIVector {
public:

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Constructs an empty vector.
	//! \~russian Создает пустой массив.
	inline PIVector(): piv_data(0), piv_size(0), piv_rsize(0) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_NEW(T, sizeof(T))
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Contructs vector from raw `data`.
	//! This constructor reserve `size` and copy from `data` pointer.
	//! \~russian Создает массив из указателя на данные `data` и размер `size`.
	//! То есть выделяет память для `size` элементов и копирует данные из указателя `data`.
	inline PIVector(const T * data, size_t size): piv_data(0), piv_size(0), piv_rsize(0) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_NEW(T, sizeof(T))
		alloc(size);
		newT(piv_data, data, piv_size);
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Copy constructor.
	//! \~russian Копирующий конструктор.
	inline PIVector(const PIVector<T> & v): piv_data(0), piv_size(0), piv_rsize(0) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_NEW(T, sizeof(T))
		alloc(v.piv_size);
		newT(piv_data, v.piv_data, piv_size);
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Contructs vector from [C++11 initializer list](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/initializer_list).
	//! \~russian Создает массив из [списка инициализации C++11](https://ru.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/initializer_list).
	//! \~\details
	//! \~\code
	//! PIVector <int> v{1,2,3};
	//! piCout << v;
	//! // {1, 2, 3}
	//! \endcode
	inline PIVector(std::initializer_list<T> init_list): piv_data(0), piv_size(0), piv_rsize(0) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_NEW(T, sizeof(T))
		alloc(init_list.size());
		newT(piv_data, init_list.begin(), init_list.size());
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Contructs vector with size `size` filled elements `e`.
	//! \~russian Создает массив из `size` элементов заполненных `e`.
	inline PIVector(size_t size, const T & e = T()): piv_data(0), piv_size(0), piv_rsize(0) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_NEW(T, sizeof(T))
		resize(size, e);
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Contructs vector with size `size` and elements created by function `f(size_t i)`.
	//! \~russian Создает массив из `size` элементов созданных функцией `f(size_t i)`.
	//! \~\details
	//! \~english Can use [Lambda expressions](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/lambda) as constructor argument.
	//! \~russian Позволяет передавать [Лямбда-выражения](https://ru.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/lambda) для создания элементов в конструкторе.
	//! \~\code
	//! PIVector <int> v(5, [](size_t i){return i*2;});
	//! piCout << v;
	//! // {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}
	//! \endcode
	inline PIVector(size_t size, std::function<T(size_t i)> f): piv_data(0), piv_size(0), piv_rsize(0) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_NEW(T, sizeof(T))
		resize(size, f);
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Move constructor.
	//! \~russian Перемещающий конструктор.
	inline PIVector(PIVector<T> && v): piv_data(v.piv_data), piv_size(v.piv_size), piv_rsize(v.piv_rsize) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_NEW(T, sizeof(T))
		v._reset();
	}

	inline virtual ~PIVector() {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_DELETE(T)
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_FREE(T, (piv_rsize))
		deleteT(piv_data, piv_size);
		dealloc();
		_reset();
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Assign operator.
	//! \~russian Оператор присваивания.
	inline PIVector<T> & operator =(const PIVector<T> & v) {
		if (this == &v) return *this;
		clear();
		deleteT(piv_data, piv_size);
		alloc(v.piv_size);
		newT(piv_data, v.piv_data, piv_size);
		return *this;
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Assign move operator.
	//! \~russian Оператор перемещающего присваивания.
	inline PIVector<T> & operator =(PIVector<T> && v) {
		swap(v);
		return *this;
	}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Reshape order enum for \a reshape function.
	//! \~russian Порядок обхода для функции изменения размерности \a reshape.
	enum ReshapeOrder {
		byRow,
		byColumn
	};

	class iterator {
		friend class PIVector<T>;
	private:
		inline iterator(PIVector<T> * v, size_t p): parent(v), pos(p) {}
		PIVector<T> * parent;
		size_t pos;
	public:
		inline iterator(): parent(0), pos(0) {}
		inline T & operator *() {return (*parent)[pos];}
		inline const T & operator *() const {return (*parent)[pos];}
		inline void operator ++() {++pos;}
		inline void operator ++(int) {++pos;}
		inline void operator --() {--pos;}
		inline void operator --(int) {--pos;}
		inline bool operator ==(const iterator & it) const {return (pos == it.pos);}
		inline bool operator !=(const iterator & it) const {return (pos != it.pos);}
	};

	class const_iterator {
		friend class PIVector<T>;
	private:
		inline const_iterator(const PIVector<T> * v, size_t p): parent(v), pos(p) {}
		const PIVector<T> * parent;
		size_t pos;
	public:
		inline const_iterator(): parent(0), pos(0) {}
		inline const T & operator *() const {return (*parent)[pos];}
		inline void operator ++() {++pos;}
		inline void operator ++(int) {++pos;}
		inline void operator --() {--pos;}
		inline void operator --(int) {--pos;}
		inline bool operator ==(const const_iterator & it) const {return (pos == it.pos);}
		inline bool operator !=(const const_iterator & it) const {return (pos != it.pos);}
	};

	class reverse_iterator {
		friend class PIVector<T>;
	private:
		inline reverse_iterator(PIVector<T> * v, size_t p): parent(v), pos(p) {}
		PIVector<T> * parent;
		size_t pos;
	public:
		inline reverse_iterator(): parent(0), pos(0) {}
		inline T & operator *() {return (*parent)[pos];}
		inline const T & operator *() const {return (*parent)[pos];}
		inline void operator ++() {--pos;}
		inline void operator ++(int) {--pos;}
		inline void operator --() {++pos;}
		inline void operator --(int) {++pos;}
		inline bool operator ==(const reverse_iterator & it) const {return (pos == it.pos);}
		inline bool operator !=(const reverse_iterator & it) const {return (pos != it.pos);}
	};

	class const_reverse_iterator {
		friend class PIVector<T>;
	private:
		inline const_reverse_iterator(const PIVector<T> * v, size_t p): parent(v), pos(p) {}
		const PIVector<T> * parent;
		size_t pos;
	public:
		inline const_reverse_iterator(): parent(0), pos(0) {}
		inline const T & operator *() const {return (*parent)[pos];}
		inline void operator ++() {--pos;}
		inline void operator ++(int) {--pos;}
		inline void operator --() {++pos;}
		inline void operator --(int) {++pos;}
		inline bool operator ==(const const_reverse_iterator & it) const {return (pos == it.pos);}
		inline bool operator !=(const const_reverse_iterator & it) const {return (pos != it.pos);}
	};

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Iterator to the first element.
	//! \~russian Итератор на первый элемент.
	//! \~\details ![begin, end](doc/images/pivector_begin.png)
	//!
	//! \~english If the vector is empty, the returned iterator is equal to \a end.
	//! \~russian Если массив - пуст, возвращаемый итератор будет равен \a end.
	//! \~\sa \a end, \a rbegin, \a rend
	inline iterator begin() {return iterator(this, 0);}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Iterator to the element following the last element.
	//! \~russian Итератор на элемент, следующий за последним элементом.
	//! \~\details ![begin, end](doc/images/pivector_begin.png)
	//!
	//! \~english This element acts as a placeholder; attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.
	//! \~russian Этот элемент существует лишь условно,
	//! попытка доступа к нему приведёт к выходу за разрешенную память.
	//! \~\sa \a begin, \a rbegin, \a rend
	inline iterator end() {return iterator(this, piv_size);}

	inline const_iterator begin() const {return const_iterator(this, 0);}
	inline const_iterator end() const {return const_iterator(this, piv_size);}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Returns a reverse iterator to the first element of the reversed vector.
	//! \~russian Обратный итератор на первый элемент.
	//! \~\details ![rbegin, rend](doc/images/pivector_rbegin.png)
	//!
	//! \~english It corresponds to the last element of the non-reversed vector.
	//! If the vector is empty, the returned iterator is equal to \a rend.
	//! \~russian Итератор для прохода массива в обратном порядке.
	//! Указывает на последний элемент.
	//! Если массив пустой, то совпадает с итератором \a rend.
	//! \~\sa \a rend, \a begin, \a end
	inline reverse_iterator rbegin() {return reverse_iterator(this, piv_size - 1);}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Returns a reverse iterator to the element following the last element of the reversed vector.
	//! \~russian Обратный итератор на элемент, следующий за последним элементом.
	//! \~\details ![rbegin, rend](doc/images/pivector_rbegin.png)
	//!
	//! \~english It corresponds to the element preceding the first element of the non-reversed vector.
	//! This element acts as a placeholder, attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.
	//! \~russian Итератор для прохода массива в обратном порядке.
	//! Указывает на элемент, предшествующий первому элементу.
	//! Этот элемент существует лишь условно,
	//! попытка доступа к нему приведёт к выходу за разрешенную память.
	//! \~\sa \a rbegin, \a begin, \a end
	inline reverse_iterator rend() {return reverse_iterator(this, -1);}

	inline const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {return const_reverse_iterator(this, piv_size - 1);}
	inline const_reverse_iterator rend() const {return const_reverse_iterator(this, -1);}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Number of elements in the container.
	//! \~russian Количество элементов массива.
	//! \~\sa \a size_s, \a capacity, \a isEmpty, \a isNotEmpty, \a resize, \a reserve
	inline size_t size() const {return piv_size;}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Number of elements in the container as signed value.
	//! \~russian Количество элементов массива в виде знакового числа.
	//! \~\sa \a size, \a capacity, \a isEmpty, \a isNotEmpty, \a resize, \a reserve
	inline ssize_t size_s() const {return piv_size;}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Same as \a size.
	//! \~russian Синоним \a size.
	//! \~\sa \a size \a size_s, \a capacity, \a isEmpty, \a isNotEmpty, \a resize, \a reserve
	inline size_t length() const {return piv_size;}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Number of elements that the container has currently allocated space for.
	//! \~russian Количество элементов, для которого сейчас выделена память контейнером.
	//! \~\sa \a size \a size_s, \a isEmpty, \a isNotEmpty, \a resize, \a reserve
	inline size_t capacity() const {return piv_rsize;}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Checks if the container has no elements.
	//! \~russian Проверяет пуст ли контейнер.
	//! \~\return
	//! \~english **true** if the container is empty, **false** otherwise
	//! \~russian **true** если контейнер пуст, **false** иначе.
	//! \~\sa \a size \a size_s, \a isEmpty, \a isNotEmpty, \a resize, \a reserve
	inline bool isEmpty() const {return (piv_size == 0);}

	//! \~\brief
	//! \~english Checks if the container has elements.
	//! \~russian Проверяет пуст ли контейнер.
	//! \~\return
	//! \~english **true** if the container is empty, **false** otherwise
	//! \~russian **true** если контейнер пуст, **false** иначе.
	//! \~\sa \a size \a size_s, \a isEmpty, \a isNotEmpty, \a resize, \a reserve
	inline bool isNotEmpty() const {return (piv_size > 0);}

	inline bool any(std::function<bool(const T & e)> test) const {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (test(piv_data[i])) return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
	inline bool every(std::function<bool(const T & e)> test) const {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (!test(piv_data[i])) return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	inline T & operator [](size_t index) {return piv_data[index];}
	inline const T & operator [](size_t index) const {return piv_data[index];}
	inline const T & at(size_t index) const {return piv_data[index];}
	inline T & back() {return piv_data[piv_size - 1];}
	inline const T & back() const {return piv_data[piv_size - 1];}
	inline T & front() {return piv_data[0];}
	inline const T & front() const {return piv_data[0];}
	inline bool operator ==(const PIVector<T> & t) const {
		if (piv_size != t.piv_size) {
			return false;
		}
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (t[i] != piv_data[i]) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
	inline bool operator !=(const PIVector<T> & t) const {return !(*this == t);}
	inline bool operator <(const PIVector<T> & t) const {
		if (piv_size != t.piv_size) return piv_size < t.piv_size;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if ((*this)[i] != t[i]) return (*this)[i] < t[i];
		}
		return false;
	}
	inline bool operator >(const PIVector<T> & t) const {
		if (piv_size != t.piv_size) return piv_size > t.piv_size;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if ((*this)[i] != t[i]) return (*this)[i] > t[i];
		}
		return false;
	}
	inline bool contains(const T & e) const {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (e == piv_data[i]) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
	inline int etries(const T & e, size_t start = 0) const {
		int ec = 0;
		if (start >= piv_size) return ec;
		for (size_t i = start; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (e == piv_data[i]) ++ec;
		}
		return ec;
	}
	inline int etries(std::function<bool(const T & e)> test, size_t start = 0) const {
		int ec = 0;
		if (start >= piv_size) return ec;
		for (size_t i = start; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (test(piv_data[i])) ++ec;
		}
		return ec;
	}
	inline ssize_t indexOf(const T & e, size_t start = 0) const {
		if (start >= piv_size) return -1;
		for (size_t i = start; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (e == piv_data[i]) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		return -1;
	}
	inline ssize_t indexWhere(std::function<bool(const T & e)> test, size_t start = 0) const {
		if (start >= piv_size) return -1;
		for (size_t i = start; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (test(piv_data[i])) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		return -1;
	}
	inline ssize_t lastIndexOf(const T & e, ssize_t start = -1) const {
		if (start < 0) start = piv_size - 1;
		else start = piMin<ssize_t>(piv_size - 1, start);
		for (ssize_t i = start; i >= 0; --i) {
			if (e == piv_data[i]) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		return -1;
	}
	inline ssize_t lastIndexWhere(std::function<bool(const T & e)> test, ssize_t start = -1) const {
		if (start < 0) start = piv_size - 1;
		else start = piMin<ssize_t>(piv_size - 1, start);
		for (ssize_t i = start; i >= 0; --i) {
			if (test(piv_data[i])) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		return -1;
	}

	inline T * data(size_t index = 0) {return &(piv_data[index]);}
	inline const T * data(size_t index = 0) const {return &(piv_data[index]);}

	PIVector<T> getRange(size_t index, size_t count) const {
		if (index >= piv_size || count == 0) return PIVector<T>();
		if (index + count > piv_size) count = piv_size - index;
		return PIVector(&(piv_data[index]), count);
	}

	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 !std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline PIVector<T> & clear() {
		resize(0);
		return *this;
	}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline PIVector<T> & clear() {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_UNUSED(T, piv_size)
		piv_size = 0;
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & fill(const T & f = T()) {
		deleteT(piv_data, piv_size);
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, piv_size)
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			elementNew(piv_data + i, f);
		}
		return *this;
	}
	inline PIVector<T> & fill(std::function<T(size_t i)> f) {
		deleteT(piv_data, piv_size);
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, piv_size)
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			elementNew(piv_data + i, f(i));
		}
		return *this;
	}
	inline PIVector<T> & assign(const T & f = T()) {return fill(f);}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 !std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline PIVector<T> & assign(size_t new_size, const T & f) {
		resize(new_size);
		return fill(f);
	}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline PIVector<T> & assign(size_t new_size, const T & f) {
		_resizeRaw(new_size);
		return fill(f);
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & resize(size_t new_size, const T & f = T()) {
		if (new_size < piv_size) {
			T * de = &(piv_data[new_size]);
			deleteT(de, piv_size - new_size);
			piv_size = new_size;
		}
		if (new_size > piv_size) {
			size_t os = piv_size;
			alloc(new_size);
			PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, (new_size-os))
			for (size_t i = os; i < new_size; ++i) {
				elementNew(piv_data + i, f);
			}
		}
		return *this;
	}
	inline PIVector<T> & resize(size_t new_size, std::function<T(size_t i)> f) {
		if (new_size < piv_size) {
			T * de = &(piv_data[new_size]);
			deleteT(de, piv_size - new_size);
			piv_size = new_size;
		}
		if (new_size > piv_size) {
			size_t os = piv_size;
			alloc(new_size);
			PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, (new_size-os))
			for (size_t i = os; i < new_size; ++i) {
				elementNew(piv_data + i, f(i));
			}
		}
		return *this;
	}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline PIVector<T> & _resizeRaw(size_t new_size) {
		if (new_size > piv_size) {
			PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, (new_size-piv_size));
		}
		if (new_size < piv_size) {
			PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_UNUSED(T, (piv_size-new_size));
		}
		alloc(new_size);
		return *this;
	}
	inline void _copyRaw(T * dst, const T * src, size_t size) {
		newT(dst, src, size);
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & reserve(size_t new_size) {
		if (new_size <= piv_rsize) return *this;
		size_t os = piv_size;
		alloc(new_size);
		piv_size = os;
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & insert(size_t index, const T & e = T()) {
		alloc(piv_size + 1);
		if (index < piv_size - 1) {
			size_t os = piv_size - index - 1;
			memmove((void*)(&(piv_data[index + 1])), (const void*)(&(piv_data[index])), os * sizeof(T));
		}
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, 1)
		elementNew(piv_data + index, e);
		return *this;
	}
	inline PIVector<T> & insert(size_t index, T && e) {
		alloc(piv_size + 1);
		if (index < piv_size - 1) {
			size_t os = piv_size - index - 1;
			memmove((void*)(&(piv_data[index + 1])), (const void*)(&(piv_data[index])), os * sizeof(T));
		}
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, 1)
		elementNew(piv_data + index, std::move(e));
		return *this;
	}
	inline PIVector<T> & insert(size_t index, const PIVector<T> & v) {
		if (v.isEmpty()) return *this;
		assert(&v != this);
		ssize_t os = piv_size - index;
		alloc(piv_size + v.piv_size);
		if (os > 0) {
			memmove((void*)(&(piv_data[index + v.piv_size])), (const void*)(&(piv_data[index])), os * sizeof(T));
		}
		newT(piv_data + index, v.piv_data, v.piv_size);
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & remove(size_t index, size_t count = 1) {
		if (count == 0) return *this;
		if (index + count >= piv_size) {
			resize(index);
			return *this;
		}
		size_t os = piv_size - index - count;
		deleteT(&(piv_data[index]), count);
		memmove((void*)(&(piv_data[index])), (const void*)(&(piv_data[index + count])), os * sizeof(T));
		piv_size -= count;
		return *this;
	}

	inline void swap(PIVector<T> & v) {
		piSwap<T*>(piv_data, v.piv_data);
		piSwap<size_t>(piv_size, v.piv_size);
		piSwap<size_t>(piv_rsize, v.piv_rsize);
	}

	typedef int (*CompareFunc)(const T * , const T * );
	static int compare_func(const T * t0, const T * t1) {return (*t0) < (*t1) ? -1 : ((*t0) == (*t1) ? 0 : 1);}
	inline PIVector<T> & sort(CompareFunc compare = compare_func) {
		piqsort(piv_data, piv_size, sizeof(T), (int(*)(const void * , const void * ))compare);
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & enlarge(llong piv_size) {
		llong ns = size_s() + piv_size;
		if (ns <= 0) clear();
		else resize(size_t(ns));
		return *this;
	}

/*! \brief Remove no more than one element equal "v" and return reference to vector
* \details Example: \snippet picontainers.cpp PIVector::removeOne
* \sa \a remove(), \a removeAll()
*/
	inline PIVector<T> & removeOne(const T & e) {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			if (piv_data[i] == e) {
				remove(i);
				return *this;
			}
		}
		return *this;
	}
	inline PIVector<T> & removeAll(const T & e) {
		for (ssize_t i = 0; i < ssize_t(piv_size); ++i) {
			if (piv_data[i] == e) {
				remove(i);
				--i;
			}
		}
		return *this;
	}
	inline PIVector<T> & removeWhere(std::function<bool(const T & e)> test) {
		for (ssize_t i = 0; i < ssize_t(piv_size); ++i) {
			if (test(piv_data[i])) {
				remove(i);
				--i;
			}
		}
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & push_back(const T & e) {
		alloc(piv_size + 1);
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, 1);
		elementNew(piv_data + piv_size - 1, e);
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & push_back(T && e) {
		alloc(piv_size + 1);
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, 1);
		elementNew(piv_data + piv_size - 1, std::move(e));
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & push_back(std::initializer_list<T> init_list) {
		size_t ps = piv_size;
		alloc(piv_size + init_list.size());
		newT(piv_data + ps, init_list.begin(), init_list.size());
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & push_back(const PIVector<T> & v) {
		assert(&v != this);
		size_t ps = piv_size;
		alloc(piv_size + v.piv_size);
		newT(piv_data + ps, v.piv_data, v.piv_size);
		return *this;
	}

	inline PIVector<T> & append(const T & e) {return push_back(e);}
	inline PIVector<T> & append(T && e) {return push_back(std::move(e));}
	inline PIVector<T> & append(std::initializer_list<T> init_list) {return push_back(init_list);}
	inline PIVector<T> & append(const PIVector<T> & v) {return push_back(v);}

	inline PIVector<T> & operator <<(const T & e) {return push_back(e);}
	inline PIVector<T> & operator <<(T && e) {return push_back(std::move(e));}
	inline PIVector<T> & operator <<(const PIVector<T> & v) {return push_back(v);}

	inline PIVector<T> & push_front(const T & e) {insert(0, e); return *this;}
	inline PIVector<T> & push_front(T && e) {insert(0, std::move(e)); return *this;}
	inline PIVector<T> & push_front(const PIVector<T> & v) {insert(0, v); return *this;}
	inline PIVector<T> & prepend(const T & e) {return push_front(e);}
	inline PIVector<T> & prepend(T && e) {return push_front(std::move(e));}
	inline PIVector<T> & prepend(const PIVector<T> & v) {return push_front(v);}

	inline PIVector<T> & pop_back() {
		if (piv_size == 0) return *this;
		resize(piv_size - 1);
		return *this;
	}
	inline PIVector<T> & pop_front() {
		if (piv_size == 0) return *this;
		remove(0);
		return *this;
	}

	inline T take_back() {T e(back()); pop_back(); return e;}
	inline T take_front() {T e(front()); pop_front(); return e;}

	template <typename ST>
	PIVector<ST> toType() const {
		PIVector<ST> ret(piv_size);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			ret[i] = ST(piv_data[i]);
		}
		return ret;
	}

	const PIVector<T> & forEach(std::function<void(const T & e)> f) const {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			f(piv_data[i]);
		}
		return *this;
	}
	PIVector<T> copyForEach(std::function<T(const T & e)> f) const {
		PIVector<T> ret; ret.reserve(piv_size);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			ret << f(piv_data[i]);
		}
		return ret;
	}
	PIVector<T> & forEachInplace(std::function<T(const T & e)> f) {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			piv_data[i] = f(piv_data[i]);
		}
		return *this;
	}

	template <typename ST>
	PIVector<ST> map(std::function<ST(const T & e)> f) const {
		PIVector<ST> ret; ret.reserve(piv_size);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			ret << f(piv_data[i]);
		}
		return ret;
	}
	template <typename ST>
	PIVector<ST> toType(std::function<ST(const T & e)> f) const {return map(f);}

	template <typename ST>
	ST reduce(std::function<ST(const T & e, const ST & acc)> f, const ST & initial = ST()) const {
		ST ret(initial);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < piv_size; ++i) {
			ret = f(piv_data[i], ret);
		}
		return ret;
	}

	inline PIVector<PIVector<T>> reshape(size_t rows, size_t cols, ReshapeOrder order = byRow) const {
		PIVector<PIVector<T>> ret;
		if (isEmpty()) return ret;
		assert(rows*cols == piv_size);
		ret.resize(rows);
		if (order == byRow) {
			for (size_t r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
				ret[r] = PIVector<T>(&(piv_data[r*cols]), cols);
			}
		}
		if (order == byColumn) {
			for (size_t r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
				ret[r].resize(cols);
				for (size_t c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
					ret[r][c] = piv_data[c*rows + r];
				}
			}
		}
		return ret;
	}

	template<typename C, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_same<T, PIVector<C>>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline PIVector<C> reshape(ReshapeOrder order = byRow) const {
		PIVector<C> ret;
		if (isEmpty()) return ret;
		size_t rows = size();
		size_t cols = at(0).size();
		ret.reserve(rows * cols);
		if (order == byRow) {
			for (size_t r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
				ret.append(at(r));
			}
		}
		if (order == byColumn) {
			for (size_t c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
				for (size_t r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
					ret << at(r)[c];
				}
			}
		}
		ret.resize(rows * cols);
		return ret;
	}

private:
	inline void _reset() {piv_size = piv_rsize = 0; piv_data = 0;}
	inline size_t asize(size_t s) {
		if (s == 0) return 0;
		if (piv_rsize + piv_rsize >= s && piv_rsize < s) {
			return piv_rsize + piv_rsize;
		}
		ssize_t t = 0, s_ = s - 1;
		while (s_ >> t) ++t;
		return (1 << t);
	}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
			!std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
			, int>::type = 0>
	inline void newT(T * dst, const T * src, size_t s) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, s)
		for (size_t i = 0; i < s; ++i)
			elementNew(dst + i, src[i]);
	}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline void newT(T * dst, const T * src, size_t s) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_USED(T, s)
		memcpy((void*)(dst), (const void*)(src), s * sizeof(T));
	}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
			!std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
			, int>::type = 0>
	inline void deleteT(T * d, size_t sz) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_UNUSED(T, sz)
		if ((uchar*)d != 0) {
			for (size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i) {
				elementDelete(d[i]);
			}
		}
	}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline void deleteT(T * d, size_t sz) {
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_UNUSED(T, sz)
	}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 !std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline void elementNew(T * to, const T & from) {new(to)T(from);}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 !std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline void elementNew(T * to, T && from) {new(to)T(std::move(from));}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline void elementNew(T1 * to, const T & from) {(*to) = from;}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline void elementNew(T * to, T && from) {(*to) = std::move(from);}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 !std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline void elementDelete(T & from) {from.~T();}
	template<typename T1 = T, typename std::enable_if<
				 std::is_trivially_copyable<T1>::value
				 , int>::type = 0>
	inline void elementDelete(T & from) {}
	inline void dealloc() {
		if ((uchar*)piv_data != 0) free((uchar*)piv_data);
		piv_data = 0;
	}
	inline void alloc(size_t new_size) {
		if (new_size <= piv_rsize) {
			piv_size = new_size;
			return;
		}
		piv_size = new_size;
		size_t as = asize(new_size);
		if (as == piv_rsize) return;
		PIINTROSPECTION_CONTAINER_ALLOC(T, (as-piv_rsize))
		T * p_d = (T*)(realloc((void*)(piv_data), as*sizeof(T)));
		assert(p_d);
		piv_data = p_d;
		piv_rsize = as;
	}

	T * piv_data;
	size_t piv_size, piv_rsize;
};



#ifdef PIP_STD_IOSTREAM
template<typename T>
inline std::ostream & operator <<(std::ostream & s, const PIVector<T> & v) {
	s << "{";
	for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
		s << v[i];
		if (i < v.size() - 1) s << ", ";
	}
	s << "}";
	return s;
}
#endif

template<typename T>
inline PICout operator <<(PICout s, const PIVector<T> & v) {
	s.space();
	s.setControl(0, true);
	s << "{";
	for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
		s << v[i];
		if (i < v.size() - 1) {
			s << ", ";
		}
	}
	s << "}";
	s.restoreControl();
	return s;
}

template<typename T> inline void piSwap(PIVector<T> & f, PIVector<T> & s) {f.swap(s);}


#endif // PIVECTOR_H